In response to the development of ecological agriculture, the country has proposed to develop biotechnology and biotechnology industries, to obtain protein from plants, animals, and microorganisms, and to develop large-scale agricultural industries to ensure food security, ecological security, industrial security, and other safety issues. To vigorously develop biotechnology and the biotechnology industry in our country, it is necessary to vigorously promote microbial agents, which have transformative significance for achieving food security, ecological security, agricultural industry security, animal husbandry industry security, and marine industry security.

Solving the issues of food security, agricultural industry security, and ecological security is a systematic natural restoration and transformation project, with a focus on addressing the root causes. The use of microbial agents is to fundamentally improve black soil and thoroughly solve the problem of addressing both the symptoms and root causes of food security, agricultural industry security, and ecological security. Microbial preparations are not fertilizers, but live microbial preparations. They do not contain the nutrients required for the growth and development of plants, animals, and marine organisms. Instead, they improve the living environment, promote growth, increase yields, and enhance the quality and ecological environment of agricultural, livestock, and seafood products through the life activities of microorganisms.

Taking the development of large-scale agriculture as an example, China should leverage the role of leading domestic biotechnology enterprises (such as Liaoning Deshen Microbial Technology Co., Ltd., the largest in Asia in Huludao City) and vigorously promote the use of microbial agents, which can fully solve some of the development bottlenecks faced by China's food security, ecological security, industrial security, and even energy security to a certain extent.

1、 The main problems facing the development of ecological agriculture in China

1. The extensive use of pesticides has led to the deterioration of the agricultural ecological environment, excessive pesticide residues in agricultural products, and difficulties in increasing agricultural yields.

Since the 1970s, with the rapid development of mechanization, energy and chemistry, agriculture has entered an unprecedented period of development. At the same time, with the widespread use of pesticides, fertilizers, machinery, and herbicides, crop yields have significantly increased, labor productivity has greatly improved, and to a large extent, the contradiction between rapid population growth and the demand for a large amount of food has been alleviated.

However, in recent years, a series of adverse consequences have gradually emerged: 1 The increase in agricultural yield has entered a bottleneck period, and it is difficult to significantly increase the yield per mu. 2. Excessive pesticide residues in agricultural products, disappearance of earthworms in fields, and rare birds in forests. In recent years, the issue of excessive pesticide residues in agricultural products has received widespread attention. Industry insiders have revealed that for a long time, some places have overly relied on the use of pesticides, resulting in increased resistance to pests and diseases, decreased control effectiveness, and intensified agricultural non-point source pollution. The person in charge of the Planting Department of the Ministry of Agriculture said that for a considerable period of time now and in the future, the use of pesticides will still be an important plant protection measure. 3. The agricultural ecological environment is deteriorating, the river water around us is becoming increasingly smelly, and there are fewer and fewer fish, shrimp, and frogs in the water, and so on.

Overall, this is the result of long-term and extensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides leading to soil environmental pollution and disrupting the natural ecological balance. Continuing to increase fertilizer application on soil that is not lacking in nutrients not only fails to improve crop yield, but also exacerbates soil compaction. Pesticides not only kill pests, but also beneficial birds. Birds cannot fly back, but insects have reappeared and become increasingly resistant to drugs.

The abuse of pesticides and fertilizers has led to serious consequences such as soil compaction, farmland degradation, increased crop pests and diseases, deteriorating ecological conditions, decreased agricultural product quality, and increased cultivation costs.

As a major agricultural country, China uses over 300000 tons of pesticides and over 59 million tons of fertilizers annually, far exceeding the level of developed countries in terms of pesticide and fertilizer use. Therefore, the environmental degradation caused by excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, discharge of livestock and poultry manure, and residue of agricultural waste such as agricultural film in China is more prominent, and even directly affects agricultural production and food safety.

3. With global climate change and changes in farming systems, the pattern of pest and disease disasters in China has undergone new changes. The frequency of major outbreaks of cross-border and cross regional migratory and epidemic pests and diseases has increased, and the scope and severity of some regional and sporadic pests and diseases have expanded, seriously restricting the sustained harvest of grain in China.

According to statistics, crop diseases and pests in China are showing a trend of frequent occurrence, with an annual occurrence area of nearly 7 billion acres. Due to insufficient prevention and control capabilities, nearly 50 billion kilograms of grain and over 35 billion kilograms of economic crops are lost each year.

With the development of modern microbial technology, we see hope in solving the above-mentioned problems. The development and application of microbial fertilizers are of particular significance for the sustainable development of agriculture in China. They play an important role in improving and maintaining soil fertility, transforming nutrients, increasing fertilizer utilization, promoting crop growth, antagonizing soil borne diseases, purifying the environment, and balancing ecosystems. The use of microbial fertilizers not only does not cause new pollution, but also can treat and improve the environment, producing long-term good ecological effects. The use of modern microbial technology to develop and utilize unconventional feed resources improves the nutritional value and utilization efficiency of feed, reduces the amount of antibiotics used, enhances the safety of livestock and poultry products, and has become an important means to solve a series of problems such as environmental pollution in animal husbandry.

Today is an era of ecological civilization, and the pursuit of harmonious development between humans and nature is the main theme of social development. The report of the 19th National Congress elevated "building ecological civilization" to a millennium plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation, and the contribution of ecological civilization construction lies in the present and benefits future generations. We must firmly establish the socialist ecological civilization concept and practice the idea that green mountains and clear waters are as valuable as mountains of gold and silver. We must adhere to the basic national policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment, and treat the ecological environment as if it were life. Adhere to natural laws and achieve green development in agriculture. Agricultural development is closely related to the ecological environment, and a good ecological environment is the foundation and guarantee of agricultural development.

Against the backdrop of increasing resource and environmental constraints, there is an urgent need to promote green agricultural production methods, resolutely withdraw those that need to be withdrawn, decisively reduce overloading, effectively govern those that need to be addressed, and accelerate the formation of a new pattern of agricultural development characterized by efficient resource utilization, stable ecosystems, good production environment, and safe product quality.

2、 A few suggestions

Developing ecological agriculture and building a modern plant protection system means improving the monitoring and control methods of pests and diseases as soon as possible, transforming traditional prevention and control methods, enhancing the material and equipment technology level of modern plant protection, vigorously promoting green prevention and control technologies, and controlling pesticide and harmful toxin residues from the production process. It is recommended to vigorously develop the role of microbial preparations in agricultural production,

1. The whole country should vigorously promote microbial preparations, thoroughly improve soil, ensure food security, agricultural industry security, and ecological security.

The application of microbial agents can create a favorable environment for crop growth and development, improve soil structure, promote granulation, enhance soil fertility, improve soil water permeability, water retention, and air permeability, and reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides year by year. Accelerate the decomposition of soil organic matter and significantly increase the content of effective nutrients; The rapid proliferation and continuous replenishment of effective microorganisms in the soil inhibit the invasion and development of pathogenic microorganisms in the soil. Promoting the increase in the number of soil microorganisms (such as beneficial mites, earthworms, and beetles) that feed on microorganisms and their decomposition products, fundamentally changes the composition of the entire cultivated layer's microecological system, and enhances soil biological activity and buffering capacity.

2. The development of large-scale agriculture requires the use of microbial preparations as a scientific guarantee to vigorously promote plant growth and development, and to address food and industrial security.

Microbial preparations can enhance the photosynthetic capacity of plant leaves, such as fruit trees sprayed with microbial solution on the leaves, which thicken and brighten the leaves. Promote root growth, and use during flowering and fruiting periods can effectively increase fruit setting rate. The application of microbial agents on continuous cropping plots can significantly promote growth and increase yield.

3. To ensure food security, it is necessary to comprehensively enhance plant disease and stress resistance through microbial preparations, and solve the problem of weak endogenous capacity in food security and industrial security.

Microbial preparations can produce a large amount of beneficial substances, such as amino acids, organic acids, polysaccharides, various vitamins, biochemical enzymes, growth promoting factors, antibiotics, and antiviral substances, to improve crop stress resistance. Increasing the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water is beneficial for root respiration; It can improve soil water retention capacity and strengthen leaf protective film to reduce water loss. Inhibit the survival and reproduction of harmful microorganisms, alleviate and gradually eliminate soil borne pests and diseases, and continuous cropping obstacles.

4. To ensure the high-quality development of agriculture, it is necessary to use microbial agents to improve crop yield and quality, and to solve the quality and quantity security issues of food security and agricultural industry security.

Increasing the yield and quality of grain crops, ensuring supply, especially the supply of ecological crops, is the core issue in solving food security and agricultural industry security. Research has shown that applying 5-10 kilograms of microbial fermentation broth per acre to a crop generally increases yield by 10-20% or more for grain and oil crops, with soybeans increasing yield by 10-30% or more; Leafy vegetables increased their yield by more than 8-26%, while root and tuber vegetables increased their yield even more; The flower and fruit preservation rate of melons and fruits has increased by more than 40%. Improve crop quality. After the application of microbial agents, the weight and sugar content of fruits and melons or fruit trees significantly increased; Flowers can bloom half a month earlier, with more vibrant flowers and longer flowering periods. Extend the shelf life of fruits. Spraying microbial agents on fruit trees before harvesting can not only supplement nutrients to the leaves, but also extend the shelf life of the fruits. Soaking fruits in a diluted solution of microbial agents for 2 minutes after harvesting, drying them, and storing them can also extend their shelf life.

 

(Author: Mou Dai, member of Liaoning Provincial Museum of Culture and History, researcher at Liaoning Academy of Social Sciences, overseas returnee PhD, doctoral supervisor, leading talent of the National High level Special Talents Support Program)